The Lisbon Earthquake - 1030 Words

The Lisbon Earthquake ARCH 2502 - Contemporary Urbanism Landscape Assignment – Year 2 à ine Gavin At 9:40 a.m. on November 1st 1755, an earthquake devastated the port city of Lisbon, Portugal, causing serious damage. In a matter of minutes, the beautiful city was reduced to debris. Also know as The Great Lisbon Earthquake, it was one of the most destructive earthquakes to hit Lisbon in the history of the country, destroying large parts of Lisbon and the Algarve. Seismologists estimate that the earthquake had a magnitude of 8.7 on the Richter scale with its epicentre in the Atlantic Ocean, at approximately 250km south of Lisbon. This traumatic earthquake triggered a tsunami with waves that reached 20 feet high and was followed by a severe fire. Accounts vary, with some saying the fire lasted three days and others saying more than a week, eventually killing up to 140,000 people (61% of the population). The Lisbon Earthquake of 1755 At the time of the earthquake, Lisbon was said to be one of the most beautiful cities in Europe. â€Å"The city retained some of its Moorish influences during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. This may be seen in the design of the streets in the quarters surrounding St. George Castle and extending as far as Rossio.†1 Before the earthquake, Baixa, the core of the city, was famous for â€Å"its narrow streets, winding alleys and densely packed wooden housing.†2 The sixteenth century was the time of the lively Manueline style, which has left its mark on twoShow MoreRelatedComparsion of Voltaire and Gronniosaw ´s Philosophy Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagesit matter if we choose to be good or evil, will we be punished or are we simply pawns of fate? When Candide wanted to jump into the water to save Jacques the Anabaptist, he was prevented from doing so by the philosopher Pangloss who declared, ‘That Lisbon harbour was built expressly so that the Anabaptist should one day drown in it,’ convincing Candide that, ‘it was meant to be.’ Jacques the Anabaptist’s is kind and he is realistic to human faults such as greed, violence, and cruelty, he still offersRead MoreCandide And Candide s Attitude Towards Evil1813 Words   |  8 Pages(2009), he ‘will never take action to repel evil in the world because he has decided that nothing in it is mutable.’ For example, when confronted with the possibility of Jacques drowning, he convinces Candide not to intervene, claiming that the Bay of Lisbon was made ‘expres pour que cet anabaptiste s’y noyat.’ This supports the idea that a sympathetic view towards evil completely eradicates any attempt to rid the world of evil, or any desire to change its course. Evil and suffering is not only viewedRead MoreThe Lisbon Earthquake : A Natural Disaster That Evoked Mixed Responses From Various Nineteenth Century Thinkers1270 Words   |  6 PagesThe Lisbon earthquake was a natural disaster that evoked mixed responses from various eighteenth century thinkers. Although some opinions were birthed from historical perspectives, others were a product of new ideas brought about during the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment era. The selected excerpts show this range of thought through the written words of clerics, scientists, and philosophers. History gives insightful information into how ideas have changed since the beginning ofRead MoreThe Life and Work of Francois-Marie Arouet, a.k.a. Voultaire 1745 Words   |  7 PagesFrederick the Great from 1750-1753 and misjudged his power. Therefore, he permanently settled to a location near the Switzerland border in order to flee from trouble easily. In 1755, Voltaire wrote a poem about the Lisbon earthquake, which â€Å"shook his optimism† (Stanley 67) with the Lisbon poem of 1756 and Candide in 1759. Voltaire died at the age of 84. Voltaire has written many books and novels within his lifespan. One piece of literature that stands out is Candide. This novel introduces two mainRead MoreLiebnitzian Philosophy and Candide837 Words   |  4 Pagesmuch evil in the world? Optimism provides an easy way out of this. Voltaires experiences led him to dismiss the idea that this is the best of all possible worlds. Examining the death and destruction, both man-made and natural (such as the Libson earthquake), Voltaire concluded that everything was not, in fact, for the best. As a Deist, Voltaires God was one who initially created the world, and then left it to its own devices. Voltaire does most of his satirizing through the character of Dr. PanglossRead MoreEssay on Voltaires Candide826 Words   |  4 PagesOptimism provides an easy way out of this. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Voltaire’s experiences led him to dismiss the idea that this is the best of all possible worlds. Examining the death and destruction, both man-made and natural (such as the Libson earthquake), Voltaire concluded that everything was not, in fact, for the best. As a Deist, Voltaire’s God was one who initially created the world, and then left it to its own devices. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Voltaire does most of his satirizing throughRead MoreAnalysis Of Voltaire s Candide 964 Words   |  4 Pagessatire throughout the book. He uses Candide and Pangloss to constantly show the true flaws of the world. They witness a widespread assortment of horrors through their travels, including, â€Å"floggings, rapes, robberies, unjust executions, disease, an earthquake, betrayals, and crushing ennui†. (CITE). These various horrors don’t serve any good purpose, but they’re only used to point out the cruelty and folly of humanity. The character Pangloss desperately tries to find justification for all of the terribleRead MoreVoltaire s Candide - Denouncing Providence1503 Words   |  7 PagesFirstly, a reference to the Lisbon Earth Quake is used to criticize Leibniz’ theory that we live in the best of all possible worlds: â€Å"Pangloss endeavored to comfort them [victims of the Earthquake] by affirming that things could not be o therwise than they were: ‘for, â€Å"said he,† ‘all this is for the very best end, for if there is a volcano at Lisbon, it could be in no other spot; for everything is for the best†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Voltaire 27). The reference to the devastating earthquake demonstrates that misfortunesRead MoreVoltaire Candide1311 Words   |  6 Pagesbeaten for wandering from camp, Candide flees to Holland and runs into an ugly beggar, who he is told to be Pangloss. He tells Candide that Cunà ©gonde and her family have been murdered by the Bulgar army. A kind Anabaptist named Jacques to travel to Lisbon, but a storm destroys the ship, and Jacques drowns. In Candide, Voltaire sought to point out the fallacy of Gottfried William von Leibniz’s theory of optimism and the hardships brought on by the resulting inaction toward the evils of the world. Voltaire’sRead MoreVoltaire s View Of Voltaire1213 Words   |  5 Pageshe travels to Lisbon, a place where terrible earthquakes happen. â€Å"But you must get cured, my dear friend, I do not a penny in the world; and you know one cannot be bled or have an enema without money (Chapter 4).† In my opinion, this is the reason that Candide travel to Lisbon because Pangloss essentially needs to be curve. The book doesn’t really explain the reason. However, at the very moment Candide and Pangloss arrives at Lisbon, the city is being destroy by a terrible earthquake. However, Candide

John Ogbu s Oppositional Culture Theory - 1325 Words

John Ogbu’s oppositional culture theory explains racial differences in educational performance by looking at the societal structures of minorities. Ogbu uses case studies which he looks at the affluent neighborhoods that represent oppositional culture. There are several explanations as to academic disengagement among certain minorities. He also looks at white academic efforts and explanations of their own disengagement. According to James Ainsworth-Darnell and Douglas Downey, they state that, â€Å"Immigrant minorities tend to compare their condition to that of relatives in their homelands and because this comparison is usually favorable, they develop optimistic attitudes regarding both their chances for success in the new country and the payoff for efforts aimed at promoting achievement† (p. 536). However, involuntary minorities are in a â€Å"psychologically vulnerable position; their members did not migrate with an expectation to improve their condition, but were in corporated into society against their will† (p. 536). Ogbu pointed out that there are high achieving blacks that did not adopt the oppositional theory. They responded using the burden of â€Å"acting white† which suggested that minority students do perform well in school; they take the risk of negative consequences by their same race and peers because of acting white. The â€Å"acting white† plays out in educational settings because minorities interact within a classroom setting receiving good grades and enjoying school. Also,Show MoreRelated Teaching Race Explicitly in the Classroom Essay4727 Words   |  19 Pagesstudents is different from teaching white students. This distinction exists because of the relationship of power between blacks and whites, whites being dominant and blacks being subordinate. The authors agree that educators need to be aware of the ‘culture of power’ in order to meet the needs of black students. According to Villegas, culturally diverse students’ failure in school results from societal conflict that entails a struggle for power (253). As a result of this asymmetrical pow er structure

Teaching and Education Human Development

Question: Discuss about the Teaching and Education for Human Development. Answer: Introduction Humanity is at a crossroads. Humankind or mankind refers to the human race collectively which is different from beasts as human beings have the ability to think, reason and reflect. These factors help the human beings to strive, invent and compete in the challenging world. This paper lays emphasis on changes in technologies, social values and cultures and its impact on humankind. The technology is changing at an exponential rate with greater inventions and amazing discoveries. Technology is driving innovations in all fields and things are getting increasingly computer-controlled (Finlay-de Monchy 2015). Not only technology, but the social change is also accelerating in the modern world. Cultural change is also accelerating at a fast pace. The terms social and cultural changes may seem similar, but social changes refer to changes in actual human behaviour. Cultural change refers to culturally meaningful symbols produced by human beings. These three factors are interrelated and have a significant impact on the humankind (Finlay-de Monchy 2015). Technological Changes The technological changes are occurring due to the necessity of inventions. New advances are made everyday based on several parameters such as communication, population, war and other aspects. The technology is also influenced by human relationships, views on matter, morality, entertainment and our own nature. With the technological advances, the world is becoming the age of automation and doing things on own. The advancements have also shown significant advancement in growth in every field such as devices, astronomy, automobiles, electronic devices and many more. Technology will enable diverse cultures to collaborate more efficiently, in every sphere. It will bring people and organizations together, closer. The human life is mainly dependent on technology (Decker and Ladikas 2013). Social Changes The technological shift is affected by the change in social values. The world is moving from an agrarian to industrial society. The people are demanding high per capita income and high ability to purchase goods and services. The people want to live a comfortable life for which innovations are necessary to make. The urbanization trend is increasingly getting popular as the large populations living in rural areas are shifting to the urban areas. The urban populations have weaker social attachments and are greatly diversified. The people are also independent in nature. The social trends are also changing as there is competition for resources and ethnic tensions. The positive outcomes result in welfare enhancement, solidarity and increasing safety. However, these social changes are also causing inequality and violence (Henry and Stephens 2013). Cultural Changes No culture is static. They change through time. However, most cultures are conservative in nature thereby resisting change. There are three main aspects or factors of cultural change. Firstly, contact between two societies changes the process of acculturation and cultural diffusion. Secondly, technological evolution also changes the culture. The changes in means of transportation, communication and production also form a part of technological evolution. The human beings of one society may often be confronted by customs that are different from others. The new customs may be adopted by people if it is socially desirable or do not clash with existing values and practices (Hamel and Prahalad 2013). Future of Mankind The technological, social and cultural changes are interrelated with each other. Change in one factor affects the other two factors thereby affecting future of humankind. It is evident that the growing technological powers are not only changing the world around us, but us too. A few forms of human enhancement are already seen regularly such as wakefulness, psychotropic mood drugs, cosmetic surgery, drugs for sexual performance and alertness enhancers (Berger 2014). The innovations and changes shall keep increasing in the future. The scientists are working on creating super intelligent machines due to the shift in social and cultural trends. The information technology is increasing exponentially. The world is gradually conquering the diseases and poverty but it is also conquering over social relationships such as love, beauty, wisdom, truth and peace (Berger 2014). The advances in nanotechnology, robotics and genetics are a threat to human survival. Bad things are happening around and causing destruction in the biosphere to the human beings. Bioterrorism is a direct threat to human survival. The society is shifting its focus for collaboration. The technologies have enabled communication on a large scale. The space research and the launching of the satellites for communication purposes have further added to these developments (Gore 2013). They have helped the people belonging to different corners of the nation or the world to have regular contacts. With the rapid technological advancement, the problem of unemployment is increasing. The technologies are automating everything around and the self-service culture is activated. These changes are taking away the jobs of men leading to technological unemployment. The institutions of family, religion, morality, marriage, state, property have been altered. The family organization is also changing as the modern technology is radically changing trends. The instances of divorce, separation and desertion are increasing. Technology is stressing relations between men and women at home. The religious views are losing its hold over the members and the people are becoming more secular. The inventions and innovations are also strengthening nationalism. Human relations are impersonalized as the modern governments rule through bureaucracy (Herrera et al. 2016). There is direct relationship between internet and rising social autonomy. Internet is a significant technology in this age. The entire humankind is connected through wireless communications with great levels of efficiency and price. The increased use of internet is increasing the risk of isolation, withdrawal from society and alienation from society. However, it is further argued that internet is also connecting people together thereby increasing civic engagement, sociability, intensity of friendship and family relationships at all cultural levels (Cook 2016). The people are spending greater time on social networking sites thereby affecting human relations. The social networking sites are the preferred platforms for both personal and business purposes as there is connectivity on multiple dimensions. The digital communication feeds the fantasies and fears of the society barely understood. The virtual life is more social than the physical life, now individualized by the organization of work and urban living (Galvin, Braithwaite and Bylund 2015). The power relations are increasingly shaping and becoming decisive in the communication field. The social change process has altered from mass communication to self communication. The people get impatient if their morning newspapers take time to download or we expect someone to call. Technology is making the human beings bust that we cannot even find time to spend time with our dear ones (Fruchterman 2013). Conclusion Needless to say that technological development is like a double edged sword that can protect or even kill someone. The technological, social and cultural changes need to be put to best of use for saving the future of mankind. The technological advancements shall continue to increase. It is important to ensure that it benefits the society as a whole. The technology is also influenced by human relationships, views on matter, morality, entertainment and our own nature. The human life is mainly dependent on technology. The world is moving from an agrarian to industrial society. The positive outcomes result in welfare enhancement, solidarity and increasing safety. However, these social changes are also causing inequality and violence. The new customs may be adopted by people if it is socially desirable or do not clash with existing values and practices. The technological, social and cultural changes are interrelated with each other. The world is gradually conquering the diseases and pover ty but it is also conquering over social relationships such as love, beauty, wisdom, truth and peace. References Berger, L., 2014.Human Development, Language and the Future of Mankind: The Madness of Culture. London: Springer. Cook, J., 2016. Young adults hopes for the long-term future: from re-enchantment with technology to faith in humanity.Journal of Youth Studies,19(4), pp.517-532. Decker, M. and Ladikas, M. eds., 2013.Bridges Between Science, Society and Policy: Technology Assessment-Methods and Impacts(Vol. 22). London: Springer Science Business Media. Finlay-de Monchy, M., 2015.Powermatics: A discursive critique of new communications technology(Vol. 5). New York: Routledge. Fruchterman, J., 2013. Technology serving humanity. InCreating Good Work(pp. 143-150). New York: Palgrave Macmillan US. Galvin, K.M., Braithwaite, D.O. and Bylund, C.L., 2015.Family communication: Cohesion and change. New York: Routledge. Gore, A., 2013.The future(p. 592). New York: Random House. Hamel, G. and Prahalad, C.K., 2013.Competing for the Future. London: Harvard Business Press. Henry, J.P. and Stephens, P.M., 2013.Stress, health, and the social environment: A sociobiologic approach to medicine. London: Springer Science Business Media. Herrera, R.J., Garcia-Bertrand, R. and Salzano, F.M., 2016.Genomes, Evolution, and Culture: Past, Present, and Future of Humankind. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons.

Marketing Plan For A Startup Business †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Plan For A Startup Business. Answer: I was assigned the task of carrying out amarketing plan for a startup business along with my team. The startup was a social enterprise that focused on empowering disadvantaged women by allowing them to engage in a business. I played the role of an HR andMarketing Consultant. First, as an HR, I allocated and assigned tasks to all my team members as per their individual skills and interest. Then, I created a document file and a PowerPoint for the presentation. In addition, I spoke to members of the team in order to ensure that the task is completed on time and evaluate their progress. Then, as a Marketing consultant, I first did a PEST model analysis to identify the possible opportunities and threats of our industry (Ho 2014). I examined the current environment of the soap market, the position of top manufacturers, and our enterprises potential, how and where we can direct our operations. In order to design the marketing strategy, I began with a situation analysis of our social enterprise. Then, I demarcated the target customers to whom our company shall sell the product. I developed a marketing communications strategy and the tactics, made a list of the marketing goals to be achieved by our company and finally set the budget and design and do product packaging. We had set six goals and listed the measures of success. Our first goal was to produce a high standard project. My team achieved this goal through a dedicated teamwork. The second goal was to complete the entrusted work of our client.. Everyone went about his or her role in a systematic manner. I as the HR was responsible for allotting different roles to all the members and I was satisfied with the achievement of the goal. Our third goal was to give the presentation in a professional manner demonstrating high standard of speaking skills. We achieved this goal through rigorous practice and bringing out the speaking skills of each member. Demo presentations were also conducted before the final presentation to achieve this goal. Our fourth goal was to acquire the highest standard of work. The client was thoroughly satisfied by our teams effort. The fifth goal was to have an open communication amongst the team members. I knew that while working in a team, differences in opinion are bound to occur. There can be intellectual difference, creative difference or even personal difference. This goal was largely achieved, as there were rare cases of conflict in the team. Our final goal was to be creative and innovative, which was the most essential part of the task. To go ahead with the assigned task, I first needed to set my own targets and goals. In the beginning, I set myself three specific goals that I needed to achieve in order to excel as a team leader and member (Cottrell 2015). These goals were, improving my research skills, boosting my written communication and enhancing my mass speaking skill. I began to seek expert help from LAS centers and in library that helped me refine my research skills. To improve my writing ability, I started taking notes from the researched articles and paraphrasing them in my own words. One of my biggest weaknesses was speaking in public. I started working on it, prepared scripts before time, and practiced speaking in front of the mirror. I also worked on the threats that could have proven to be an obstacle in my achievement (McGrath 2014). I used to over work, focus too heavily on a specific topic, prepared and practiced scripts for presentation at the last minute and worried too much about the things less s ignificant or that had already happened. It was reflected in the success of the project where I was able to contribute to my full potential. There were six members in my team including me. They all had a different set of skills and talent that were utilized to the fullest while performing the task. All the members possessed different qualities and their thinking differed in many aspects (Bradley et al. 2013). Shidey, one of our team members tends to be controlling when anyone of us failed to meet a given time for completing any task. She used to have recurring conflicts with Krishan who had a weakness of getting easily distracted. Their conflicts sued to be resolved by Anand. He was very calm and used to resolve the conflicts in a composed manner (Johnson and Rowlands 2012). I had the ability to put together the diverse personalities and make them work together as a team. Sarah had good communications skills and she was the one who used to encourage everyone to come out with new ideas as she too had the strength of generating innovative ideas. Paula was an introvert but she possessed great time management skills. I discovered huge potential in all the members of the team that could help me achieve success in future projects as well (De Wit, Greer and Jehn 2012). In the end, after putting in all the hard works and going through rigorous sessions, we finally delivered the presentation to our client (Pincus et al. 2014). It was now time for the client to give the valuable feedback that would reflect what we as team have achieved. The client was very impressed by our presentation although he pinpointed certain areas where we needed to improve both as a team and as individuals. He stated that there was room for improvement in giving presentations as almost all of us spoke from our prepared scripts. Then our client also suggested us that we pick a specific target market and to lay stress more on the manufacturing part of our enterprise rather than retail as our enterprise not only sells soap but also manufactures them. After receiving the clients feedback, it was time for me to give feedback on my and the teams performance (Grossl et al. 2014). I personally felt that I showed good improvement on my public speaking skill although I have to work on it more. I continuously looked at my script during presentation that I have to avoid in future. This entire experience was extremely helpful for me and I am sure for others as well as it gave everyone an opportunity to explore, develop and improve on their respective qualities. References: Bradley, B.H., Klotz, A.C., Postlethwaite, B.E. and Brown, K.G., 2013. Ready to rumble: how team personality composition and task conflict interact to improve performance.Journal of Applied Psychology,98(2), p.385. Cottrell, S., 2015.Skills for success: Personal development and employability. Palgrave Macmillan. De Wit, F.R., Greer, L.L. and Jehn, K.A., 2012. The paradox of intragroup conflict: a meta-analysis. Grossl, A.B., Reese, R.J., Norsworthy, L.A. and Hopkins, N.B., 2014. Client feedback data in supervision: Effects on supervision and outcome.Training and Education in Professional Psychology,8(3), p.182. Ho, J.K.K., 2014. Formulation of a systemic PEST analysis for strategic analysis.European academic research,2(5), pp.6478-6492. Johnson, J.M. and Rowlands, T., 2012. The interpersonal dynamics of in-depth interviewing.The SAGE handbook of interview research: The complexity of the craft, pp.99-113. McGrath, M., 2014. Personal development plan.Leading the Way,11(1), p.21. Pincus, A.L., Sadler, P., Woody, E., Roche, M.J., Thomas, K.M. and Wright, A.G.C., 2014. Assessing interpersonal dynamics.Multimethod clinical assessment, pp.51-91.

Differences Between Founding a Company in the US and in Europe

There are definitely marked differences between founding a company in the US and Europe especially in regards to venture capital. To begin with, it is worth to explore the background knowledge on the application of the term ‘venture capital’.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Differences Between Founding a Company in the US and in Europe specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Companies that are in their start up stages often require significant monetary boost so that they can pick up and be competitive like those that are already fully established. On the same note, the high-risk and high potential firms that are still in the early stages of development demand financial investment in form of venture capital. Money is generated by the capital fund by acquiring the ownership of equities in various firms that have been contracted for investment purposes. Most of the contracted firms that often benefit from the venture capital include software, IT and biotechnology companies. These types of industries have reputable business models and are also quite competitive in the market. There are myriads of innovative companies that continue to rely on the venture capital as their key source of funding both the new and old projects. This new trend in the adoption of venture capital is common both in the United States and the rest of the developed world. In the event that entrepreneurs are not in a position to obtain funding from other sources, the venture capital provides the much needed start up fund for expanding business operations to new markets. In addition, venture capital can be acquired and used by entrepreneurs even before the actual businesses are fully established. This is in sharp contrast with other sources of business founding that often demand adequately established business platforms. This paper explores the differences between founding a company or business entity in the United Stat es and Europe.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although there are myriads of similarities in the acquisition and use of venture capital in the US and Europe, there are also outstanding differences between the two economic blocs. For instance, the manner in which convertible resources are handled appear to be completely different. Other notable differences include deal syndication, exist stage duration, stage financing, and the replacement of past management teams are equally worth considering. However, the application of convertible resources is the most outstanding difference bearing in mind that it is used three times more often in the Unites States compared to the European venture capitalists. Stage Financing Founding a company either in the United States or Europe has its own technical and monetary challenges since both locations are well versed with competitive firms th at are also well established. Nonetheless, venture capitalists have the ability to retain certain possibilities of premature financing of a venture. This can be achieved by staging the financing in a progressive manner. Finances are thus availed for the entrepreneur in order to cater for funding needs of a particular stage of a company. Hence, the venture capitalist is given the choice of doing away with the venture at any given stage of development of a company. However, it is vital to note that the active involvement of the venture capitalist does not necessarily affect the value obtained from stage financing. Hence, the value that is created usually emerges from the additional business incentives that are put in place in the process of starting up a company. The geographical preference to invest in particular regions is also evident among various entrepreneurs who start companies both in the United States and Europe. However, it is generally easier to acquire venture capital in m ost European states compared to the United States.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Differences Between Founding a Company in the US and in Europe specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This explains why founding a company in Europe would be a lot easier than in the United States. However, there are other myriads of factors that should be brought on board before embarking on a conclusive review why entrepreneurs would prefer one region to another. The role played by affiliations is yet another important difference when founding a company in the United States and Europe. For instance, there is a close relationship or affiliation between venture capitalists and non financial corporations in Europe than the United States. In addition, the European venture capital investment at the initial stages of development is also known to be smaller in intensity than those of the US counterparts. Hence, the US entrepreneurs seem to e njoy wide benefits when it comes to the issue of economies of scale among newly started companies. On the other hand, the buyout experience is completely different and opposite when the two regions are compared against each other. The latter can be described by the fact that the manner in which venture capital is defined in both regions is different. The exit stage period is also a significant difference between the United States and European entrepreneurs. Other differences that will be reviewed in this paper include syndication, replacement of past management teams and the CS use. These differences are mainly evident because most venture capitalists in the European markets often encounter minimal liquid marketing environments compared to their counterparts in the United States. This can also be further explained in terms of the entry and exit of human resource power that dominates the labor market at any given time. Hence, this scenario has compelled most entrepreneurs in Europe w ho found companies to take a long time when selling their share capitals. As a result, it makes it quite cumbersome to replace the major labor force that is needed in the newly started companies.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The tax and legal requirements when acquiring the venture capital are also another vital consideration to put in place due to the great propensity to invest from one region to another. Liquidations are extremely costly in Europe because they take a longer period of time than in the United States. Most entrepreneurs who start up companies in Europe tend to waste a lot of financial resources due to the delay time before they can eventually invest appropriately. This trend definitely lowers the liquidation value. However, it is vital to mention that the mean value of the financial rounds is almost the same between the United States and European countries. In spite of the presence of such similarities, founding a company in either the United States or the European economic bloc has its own merits and demerits. The latter can best be accounted through the existing differences especially when seeking venture capital. Hence, it is necessary to discuss dominant seminaries at some point if a balanced view of the topic is to be attained. It is also understood that the use of convertible securities in the process of acquiring venture capital also demonstrates a marked difference between the United States and European markets. For instance, the use of convertible securities is three times greater in the United States than among the European entrepreneurs who start up companies. Although this finding may prove to be quite surprising, it clearly indicates that the use of convertible securities is limited to certain regions due to their unique attributes that tend to favor some regions against others. In other words, convertible securities are not favorable for all entrepreneurs who may need venture capital to start up their companies. The contract is not sophisticated in most of the European markets. On the same note, the Canadian market also lacks major sophistications. This explains why there is a difference in the adoption of convertible scurrilities in both of these two regions. The fact that the United States market is already complex in nature, it makes it necessary to use such securities when acquiring venture capital. Another possible reason for this difference is the fact that most entrepreneurs in the United States can easily obtain tax advantages compared to those in the European marketing bloc. Lack of major tax advantages in Europe has been significant drawback since it hinders easy acquisition of the much need venture capital. The venture capital companies in the United States and European countries also have varying types of management and organizational structures that significantly account for the difference in the use of convertible securities. It is worth to mention that different organizational structures have unique goals and objectives. Therefore, the manner in which various organizations may use convertible securities is completely different. In any case, there are organizational structures that may not need convertible securiti es during start ups. In addition, common shares may be preferred by venture capitalists over preferred shares especially if the exit requirements are of less significance than issues regarding control. The venture capital firms have lower affiliations in the United States market than the European market mainly due to the varying organizational structures that exist between these two regional economic blocs. Another emerging difference between founding a company in the United States and Europe is evident in the manner in which syndication is carried out. It is without doubt that the United States experiences more incidents of syndication than Europe. On the same note, the United States has a higher mean size of syndicates than countries located in Europe. This implies that the level of syndication in both geographical regions is a key determining factor when exploring the ease with which a company can be founded. Nevertheless, syndication is relevant in both the US and Europe since i t has a remarkable influence in the manner in which venture capital can be acquired by companies that are still young and in the startup stages. Although the overall level of syndication is higher in the United States than in European countries, it has been established that most of the European countries often experience higher levels syndication with colleagues at the regional level. This is not the same case with individual states in the United States. Moreover, government partners in the European bloc also experience higher levels of syndication among themselves thereby making it easy for companies that are being started to acquire venture capital. In particular, governmental partners in the European bloc provide a legal and well monitored environment through which entrepreneurs wishing to start companies can easily establish themselves in a smooth and least complicated manner. The issue on syndication is also bolstered by the argument that the European markets are not very much developed and are also less liquid compared to that of the United States. Hence, when seeking for a potential buyer, it is obvious that the pool of available contacts is increased by syndication. The age of venture capital firms is also another vital and interesting distinction that can be made between founding companies in the United States and Europe. For instance, the European venture capital market is believed to have had its threshold way back in 1997. Although the aforementioned year is relatively young, it marked an important era in the evolution of the venture capital market in Europe. This was the year when the venture capital market in Europe was marked with intense inflows of capital resources. This marked increase in terms of the venture capital investments in Europe was also experienced in the United States. However, the two regions experienced an increase in venture capital at different times altogether. In addition, the intensities of capital flows were completely dif ferent. The young and well established firms in the United States and Europe also demonstrate marked difference in terms of their venture capitals. Most developed and old firms in the United States find it easy to acquire additional venture capital in order to expand their operations. Hence, it is quite easy for old firms to start up other subsidiary companies compared to most old firms located in the European region. However, there is some form of convergence between the European and the United States industry. The age of the venture capital companies is also closely linked to the use of convertible securities in the process of acquiring venture capital needed to start up companies. It is generally noticeable that younger venture capital firms are more aggressive in investing during the initial stages of a firm The Level of Activity Most empirical research studies have confirmed that most venture capital fims in Europe are not very active. For instance, they are known to use conver tible securities less often than their counterparts in the United States. If it is indeed true that the European venture capital firms are quite dormant, then an investor would opt to invest in an intensely active market like in the United States. The latter guarantees huge and significant flow in capital flows within a relatively short period. For companies that target to reach a wider market with large consumer base, then it is advisable to seek venture capital in the US market. Moreover, the venture capital firms in the European markets do not syndicate their deals quite often. Hence, starting a company in any European market will imply that the company will benefit only from the local partnerships and miss out on the external levels of syndicates. On the same note, founding a company in the European market implies that the firm will have extended round durations. The multivariate setting shows the overall benefits and demerits of investing in Europe and the United States althoug h issues such as replacing the past management teams do not feature at the aforementioned level. Since the European markets have proven to be less liquid, companies that are founded in this region are highly likely to encounter stagnated growth especially if the set objectives are to be met in the short term. The latter scenario is equally worsened by the fact there are no adequate hands-on entrepreneurs in the European market compared to the markets in North America. There are standard incorporation procedures that entrepreneurs may use to start up companies in the United States. Each state has its own legislative measures that must be followed by investors wishing to start companies or venture capital firms in the United States. The reason why incorporating is important is because individual assets are safeguarded from civil liability. It is also worth to mention that the individual shareholders of an incorporated company are treated as separate entities from the corporation. Ther efore, the corporation bears its own tax identification number, responsibilities and liabilities. The choice of a business entity is also another important hurdle to go through when starting up a company in the United States. It is vital to explores the various business options and cost implications of starting any type of business. For instance, the creation of the Limited Liability Companies is not permitted by some states in the US. Therefore, it is necessary to seek help and further guidance for the United States accountant and attorney. In addition, there are associated fees and taxes that are usually paid to the respective states where a company is being started. These fees may sometimes interfere with the capped amount that has been set aside for venture capital. Additional, if the company to be founded will be dealing with exporting products, then it must adhere to the rules and regulations that have been set by the United States Department of state. It works closely with th e departments of defense and commerce. There are many would-be entrepreneurs who are usually discouraged by the many hurdles of setting up companies in Europe. There are myriads of complex procedures that are equally costly that work against entrepreneurs who are eager to invest in Europe. As already mentioned, most of the European markets are still dormant in terms of accessing venture capital needed to roll down new investment ventures. Hence, some entrepreneurs are finding it more advisable to form mergers with other companies in Europe than working alone in setting up new establishments. This approach has been found to be relatively cost effective and also cuts down the risk level that a new business entity has to face upon establishment. To recap it all, it is vital to reiterate that there are myriads of differences between founding a company in the United States and Europe. However, this paper has exclusively explored the topic based on the ease of accessing venture capital in both geographical regions. Some of the key indicators that have been used to discuss the topic include the level of syndication, convertible securities, replacement of past management teams, the age of firms and activity levels of both the United States and European markets. Although both regions have experienced massive growth in the venture capital market in the last two decades or so, it is evident from the discussion that the United States still remains as a more dominant, potential and extremely active capital venture market. The latter argument is attributed to the fact that the European market has not evolved fully in terms of the capital flows in the venture capital market. This essay on Differences Between Founding a Company in the US and in Europe was written and submitted by user Geraldine Flynn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Gibson essays

Gibson essays In Gibsons Burning Chrome two worlds exist. There is the real world that we carry out our everyday business. We live in this world. We eat, sleep and breathe in this world. Then there is the cyber world. This is where we play and this is where we run our modern day functions such as banking and business. A person can be ruined just as easily as in the real world. Things might not be fatal, but in this modern world worse things than death can happen. Gibson is viewed as a father of cyberpunk. He is the one who is credited with coming up with the word, cyberspace. [Dorsey] "I don't have an e-mail address. I don't go online with America... ...because I don't want America to be online with me." Gibson. [Dorsey] If a man feels so repulsed by the internet, how can he be one of the founding fathers of it? Regardless how he feels about the internet and cyber culture William Gibson is still interested in it. The world that Gibson and created and the world we live in now is getting closer and closer with every day. We are becoming a technological society. We now live in a cyberpunk world. In this world we have created a reality much like the reality in which the characters in Burning Chrome also reside. In this reality, many of the same things occur, business, banking. It is also a social world; some choose to come here to escape the modern life. We have created games that have become doorways to these new realities. With these games we create new worlds to explore. In some cases we even create new identities to live by. The online gaming movement began slowly at the start. It began with MUDs or Multi User Dungeons. Through these was the first step into creating a new world. Players would take control of a character. To some it was just a game and a pastime. To others it became a hobby. Some assumed roles like their persona in the real world. Others assumed roles of ...

Causes of Failures of Construction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Causes of Failures of Construction - Essay Example As the paper discusses  the difference between procedural failures and technical failures is that the former happen because of human errors while the latter occur because of physical proximate causes. In a vast majority of cases, technical failures are an outcome of the procedural failures. Procedural failures include but are not limited to the problems of communication between the parties involved in the project, and lack of resources. On the other hand, technical failures include such circumstances as settlement of the structure because of inadequate soil compaction.   This paper discusses the administrative causes of failure in the construction projects. Administrative causes of failure of a construction project are fundamentally controlled by the project management. Management’s ability to cope with both the internal and external factors of risk for a certain construction project plays a decisive role in determining the success of a project. Causes of failure of construction projects discussed in this paper include human and organizational aspects and change management with referral to certain case studies.  Canyon Views Project is a project of construction of villas in DHA Phase II Extension, Islamabad, Pakistan. Bridgestone Construction Company has served as the general contractor on this project.  One reason for the delay of accomplishment of milestones is the frequency of change of project managers of the general contractor.  ... Management’s ability to cope with both the internal and external factors of risk for a certain construction project plays a decisive role in determining the success of a project. Causes of failure of construction projects discussed in this paper include human and organizational aspects and change management with referral to certain case studies. Case Study: Canyon Views Project Canyon Views Project is a project of construction of villas in DHA Phase II Extension, Islamabad, Pakistan. Bridgestone Construction Company has served as the general contractor on this project. Although the project is in progress and cannot be considered as a failure altogether, yet the individual milestones in the way of execution of the project were not timely accomplished due to which the customers of villas had to wait for considerable time to enter their villas after making the payment. One reason for the delay of accomplishment of milestones is the frequency of change of project managers of the g eneral contractor. Bridgestone Construction Company saw many changes of project manager. Within just the first two years of the start of project’s execution, at least three project managers had been changed. Some left the company on their own after working in it for some while while the others were terminated b the general manager (GM). The reason project managers could not stay for long on the project was not quite hidden from the workforce. The GM had had so much influence and control on the project, that he would not let the project managers exercise their rights as a project manager on the construction site. Any decision taken by the project managers seeked approval of GM before